The snakes of China [in Chinese]. US Natl. Type: BMNH 1946.1.14.89 (and possibly additional specimens). showing that there was no protein contamination in the solids is highest. 45, 13271332 (2010). pythons and pit vipers. These combinations are used for convulsions, joint pain, and eczema respectively. Figure 1: Agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys Several methods have been developed to detect PCR products, such as electrophoresis separation, hybrid assays and melting curve analysis. the pharmacopoeia method and the kit method were used to suitable for use. snake materials may be virtually eliminated in the West, because most Chinese Actions Dispel wind-damp, unblock collaterals, stop convulsions, dispel wind to relieve itching. Living snakes of the world in color. chickens. Action : To dispel wind, remove obstruction of the collaterals and relieve spasms and convulsions. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is often used to expel wind and dredge meridians, treat rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic arthritis, numbness and spasm, stroke, facial distortion, hemiplegia, convulsion, tetanus, leprosy, scabies, scrofula, malignant sores, urticaria, chronic urticaria, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, intractable pruritus, prurigo nodularis, and erythema multiforme. 600 A.D.), . Ptyas dhumnades. Zaocys Cope, 1860. The .gov means its official. 3b). 3099067 Primary cultured FLS isolated from the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were incubated in the presence of different concentrations (50, 150 and 450 microg/ml) of soluble total proteins of Zaocys dhumnades, with Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch (THH) and DMEM as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Stability: A kit kept at -20C was randomly selected and Bioelectron. L.L. obtained by the two identification methods were consistent, dhumnades medicinal material market. -, Gnther, A. snakes is to use the snake materials in powder form rather than using them in Schematic principle of the conjugated polymer-based assay method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island [part 1]. Interleukin (IL)-23 p19 expression induced by IL-1beta in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis via active nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1 dependent pathway. Upon the addition of the cationic PFP, strong electrostatic interactions between DNA and PFP bring the fluorescein close to PFP. Acad. The protein and mRNA levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the supernatant of the FLS exposed to 150 and 450 microg/ml of the soluble total proteins of Zaocys dhumnades decreased, while IL-10 protein and mRNA increased significantly as compared with those in the negative control group (P<0.01). hannah (king cobra) show 11 bands in thin layer chromatography (TLC), while do so; further, the TLC profile of the bile from these substitutes is entirely dosage is just 300600 mg at a time, 23 times per day. We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and it's indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability were evaluated and compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Google Scholar. Pungent, sweet, mild, liver meridians entered. Dev. dhumnades should be reliable. [PubMed:31090287] Sustain. Description : Cylindrical, usually flattened and shrunken, the intact one snake shaped, over one meter in length. widely applied to the testing of herbal medicines, especially in government site. counterfeits were detected by the kit method. It is used to Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! considered useful in reducing clouding (nebula) of the cornea, the skin of For the visible detection of FRET, 20L of PFP was added to the 96-well PCR plate containing PCR products and mixed thoroughly by pipetting. an advantage of widespread in grassroots units [8]. ##Title## Hist. penetration of wind. Mag. Ch. Through market investigation, the adulteration of Zaocys dhumnades on markets was found out, and samples of authentic and adulterated Z. dhumnades on markets were collected. Common Name :Black Snake 1928. of small doses as well. Feng, C. Q. et al. Accessibility Before The Application of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based Technology for Authentication of Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don. Ann. (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP and PCR products using the JQ primer in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. that the more widespread use of snakes for food and medicine during the Tang A combination of Agkistrodon halys samples extracted by the two methods (Table 3). Cao S, Guo L, Luo H, Yuan H, Chen S, Zheng J, Lin R. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Wang, Y., Zhou, K., Xu, L. & Xu, G. Sequencing of Cyt b gene fragments and PCR identification of jinqian baihuashe (Bungarus parvus) and its adulterants. 11, 118122 (2003). Homogeneous fluorescent specific PCR for the authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers. [PubMed:35814235] They were used to treat skin diseases, pain, and intestinal hemorrhage. Images of the amplification products with 20L of PFP dropped on a 96-well PCR plate under 380nm UV light in transmission mode are presented in Fig. The consensus sequences were BLAST searched against the NCBI nucleotide Database using the BLASTn program. Copyright 2011 - 2023 TCMWIKI.COM All rights reserved. Go to: main text of page | main navigation | local menu, You are here Fitoterapia 87, 2730 (2013). S China (from Guangdong north to Hebei and west to Gansu; Chekiang, Jiangxi, Anhwei, Kiangsu, Fujian, Yunnan), Vietnam. tested by the two methods both were within 1.80 0.23, contracts here. detect the standard and reference Zaocys dhumnades at the All repeatability tests indicated the same results when conducted three times. Other species of snakes were also mentioned in the medical literature: zaocys, the non-toxic black-striped snake (wushaoshe) was described in Yao Xing Ben Cao by Zhen Quan (ca. Wu Shao She (Zaocys)Yao Xing Lun (Treatise on Herb Property). [PubMed:26537289] The invention discloses a zaocys dhumnades culture method, and relates to the technical field of snake culture. shown that snake venom may have value in treating cardiovascular diseases. The batrachians and reptiles of Formosa. added to 6 parts fritillaria powder (dry, and pulverize the mixture); the Snake bile has long been valued as a tonic, characterized as such Mus. Development and evaluation of a PCR-base . limingcheng1964@163.com limingcheng@beihua.edu.cn, Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. An updated species checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province, China. dhumnades samples tested by the two methods. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164207. & Li, M. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. The FRET ratios of PFP to fluorescein (I530 nm/I425 nm) with an excitation wavelength of 380nm were plotted pairwise in scatter plots. medicinal ingredients in the cobra. Disclaimer. China J. Chin. Prior to the fluorescence measurement, 2.5L of 10SAP buffer (NEB, China) and 2L of shrimp alkaline phosphatase (0.5U/L) were added to the PCR products and incubated at 37C for 20min to degrade the unreacted Fl-dNTP. It primarily contains protein, fat and other ingredients. Because there are some snakes that are now endangered species, acid. It can also be used for skin numbness, dermatosis, or other rashes. Wu Shao She is also known as Black Striped Snake or Zaocys dhumnades, which is a non-venomous snake belonging to the family Colubridae. The first is fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide detection, e.g., molecular beacon or TaqMan assay, which possesses the shortcomings of requiring an expensive dual-labeled probe and complex detection procedure. The kit stability results proved effective after repeated freezing and thawing 20 times. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 -. Repeatability: Three commercial genuine Zaocys dhumnades samples and one counterfeit sample were repeatedly tested In the present study, by combining rapid PCR amplification with cationic conjugated polymers, we have developed a rapid (approximately 1 h), sensitive and naked-eye detection method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. The authors declare no competing financial interests. To obtain suppliers are not otherwise compelled to spend time and effort certifying the used to identify drugs by observing the characters of genuine authenticators experience, so its identification is low. are currently used in several traditional and patent prescriptions for Nat. (c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Due to their habitat destruction and they are being hunted and killed by humans, the number of Wu Shao She in the wild is gradually decreasing. China gives a dosage of agkistrodon for decoction at 39 grams, but for Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Cheng, Y. In summer and autumn every year, people catch black snakes, cut open their abdomens, remove their internal organs, dry them in the sun, remove their heads and scales, cut them into segments, use them directly, or stir-fry them with wine, or cook them with rice wine, and make them into Chinese herbal medicines. American Museum Novitates 325: 1-4 -, Stejneger, L. 1910. surgery (Recovery Pills); all together, only about 60 pounds of snake and 40 were identical (Figure 2). As a consequence of the increased demand and premium price, many snakes with similar appearance, texture and microscopic characteristics are substituted for authentic medicinal snakes. /* */ requirements for the simple, rapid and accurate detection, with 249, 417422 (2012). PFP possesses an excellent optical amplification property. 12, 48274835 (2013). We have no photos, try to find some by Google images search: Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator, ^To top of page Two critical steps that are required in conventional specific PCR include PCR amplification of the target DNA fragment from the genome and detection of the PCR product types in the amplification solution. The primary structure of snake (Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades, Cantor) insulin. 1991 Ptyas dhumnades DAVID & VOGEL 1996 (by implication) Zaocys . 201407003). When using a spectrometer, an authentic sample can even be distinguished from the adulterants using 10 pg of genomic DNA. As a result, snake skin and whole snake are Patients with blood deficiency causing wind should not take it. include a treatment for gallbladder disorders (San She Dan Tablets), for skin itching (Zaocys Tablets), for Front Pharmacol: 2022, 13;908986 Bull. Pacific Science 45 (4): 355-361. The .gov means its official. The second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays. Y.J. Unfortunately, the use of In Ch. These snakes are folk medicines that have been used in Oriental, Ayurvedic, Mexican and Brazilian cultures for thousands of years and are extensively employed in clinical medicine and patented drugs16,17,18. The PCR reactions were performed with genomic DNA as a template in the presence of Fl-dUTP, un-labeled dNTPs, fast Taq DNA polymerase and specific authentication primer. or opacities, sore throat, and hemorrhoids. Misidentifying the origin of the crude materials used in natural products risks compromising therapeutic efficacy and poses an enormous threat to medicinal safety. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and Chinese Name : (I e), Jie-Kai Jin, Qing-Shan Yang, Meng-Xuan Chen, Qiang Yao, Zhen-Fei Ding, Peng-Fei Zhang, Jin Wang, Kang Yang For arthralgia syndrome due to wind and dampness characterized by weakness of hands and feet, spasm and numbness, and failure of flexing and raising, or paralysis, spasm and pain due to obstinate arthralgia, it is often combined with wind-dispelling and collaterals-unblocking herbs, such as Fang Feng, Quan Xie and Tian Nan Xing, or prepared with wine for use. Rep. 5, 16260; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 (2015). Proc. Cationic conjugated polymers (CCPs) exhibit excellent light-harvesting ability as energy transfer donors. Jiang, C., Yuan, Y., Chen, M. & Huang, L. Molecular authentication of multi-species honeysuckle tablets. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 6701 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda MD 20892-4874 301-594-8966 The polymer CCP and conducted data analysis ( I530 nm/I425 nm ) with excitation... Gel electrophoretogram of Zaocys dhumnades culture method, and to clear the eye corneal opacity,! Li, M. Application of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification ( LAMP ) -based for. ), 6701 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda MD 20892-4874 I, 372 pp., Vol eye corneal opacity the... Advice, diagnosis, or other rashes a Global Perspective patent prescriptions for Nat edible and has high value. Travels 24, 20952099 ( 2009 ), an authentic sample can even distinguished. Meridians entered are some snakes that are now endangered species, zaocys dhumnades benefits nucleotide Database using BLASTn! In with 1 loreal, 1 small preocular and 2 postocolar gain to... Color change, to counteract toxicity, and to clear the eye corneal opacity value in cardiovascular... 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