Its easy for Scrooge to feel sorry for Tiny Tim. for their local economies. In Prose. Free shipping for many products! He brings them to life. 1. people who are unable to pay parking tickets and fines for low-level offenses are jailed, inmates earn $0.36 an hour working for private industry, the poorest in our state pay 16.8 percent of their income, Our education system is chronically underfunded, one of the highest student-teacher ratios, funneled out of public schools and into charter schools, the third-highest homeless population in the country, Black people are being priced out of the city, a level of income inequality rivaling San Francisco, PRESS RELEASE: State Lawmakers Introduce the Washington State Wealth Tax, One missing piece in Washingtons tax puzzle: A wealth tax, 603 Stewart St., Suite 715 | Seattle, WA 98101. People were terrified of overpopulation, especially among the poor, and they believed that if people brought children into the world that they couldnt afford to keep, they were almost committing a crime. CLASSICS ILLUSTRATED #21 POOR (3 FAMOUS MYSTERIES . What lesson does Scrooge learn from each spirit in A Christmas Carol? work, and parishes did not try to supply a single workplace for this activity. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, "Secret, And Self-contained, And Solitary As An Oyster". 1) In one of Charles Dickens' most famous stories, A Christmas Carol, he drops hints about his views on society during Victorian England, which was the period that Dickens lived in. Again, A Christmas Carol is not an attack on wealth. Are there no prisons? he asks. All image attributions can be found in their related articles. Most parishes that tried to Picture 1 of 1. But there are many similarities. Updates? Malthus and others believed that the existing poor laws were too charitable, and encouraged laziness. urban parishes to work together to raise a tax and run a large institution Dickens is referring to the fact that the children were extremely active and noisy, and the scene was chaotic. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Subsequent reinterpretations of the story often try to make capitalism Scrooges problem and government-run social programs the answer, but that was not the case in Dickenss day or in his story. Bob held his withered little hand in his, as if he loved the child, and wished to keep him by his side, and dreaded that he might be taken from him. You can check out the characters below and their relationship with Scrooge: https://www.gradesaver.com/a-christmas-carol/study-guide/character-list. Outside London, the 'great wen' is shrouded in filthy brown fog. Does wealthiness, just conceptually, imply fairly extreme inequality? Still, returned the gentleman, I wish I could say they were not.. But He does expect you to be open to being the person He chooses to use to help. But it condemns the violence of looking away, ignoring the evils foisted on people who cannot afford to survive in society, and the political structure that keeps mortifying poverty in place. And the Union workhouses? demanded Scrooge. The sorts of people who required relief the young, the elderly, the sick or disabled were often not well-placed to undertake work of any kind. As a novelist, Dickens was successful from the start, with the publication of. He sends the prize turkey to the Cratchit family. The Ghost of Christmas Past reveals vignettes of Scrooges early life as a schoolboy, an apprentice, and a young man in love. The poor have nothing but a meager allocation of bread and gruel. This workhouse test was applied inconsistently, with some places never making relief dependent on workhouse entry and others trying to impose the rule sporadically. During the Middle Ages, canon law required each member of the parish to pay a tax of one-tenth, a tithe, of their income to the church. The truth of A Christmas Carol that Dickens understood perfectly and bodied forth successfully is that life is transformed by an inner shift that is then acted upon, not by a change in circumstances.. In England this is not strictly accurate, as certain laws have been enacted for the special benefit of the poor, which have . In A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens shows that one's business in life is to make other's lives better through the transformation of Scrooge's emotions. If you believe all of your time, talent and wealth belong to God, you wont make any distinction between the charitable work you do for God and the rest of your life. Specifically, Dickens wants people who have to stop being heartless and give to those who do not. The title conjures the familiar Christmas tradition of singing round the fireplace or through the streets from door to door, a seasonal activity that joins rich and poor together and echoes the political theme of the story. Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides. Available on: Online Audio (Free) Listen to the all time classic Christmas tale A Christmas Carol, produced by WOUB Public Media. Amazing its reverence in our lifetime. Scrooge is the advocate of the sufficiency of the state to involve itself in societys welfare. Corrections? The Question and Answer section for A Christmas Carol is a great They were probably large and heavy in a dignified and stately way. If you died in a debtors prison, your body was given to anatomists to dissect in the name of science. Scrooge remains wealthy in the end, and the ideal Christmas is a celebration filled with excesses of food, drink and gifts. What shall I put you down for?, I wish to be left alone, said Scrooge. The story, suddenly conceived and written in a few weeks, is one of the outstanding Christmas stories of modern literature. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas. He wrote "Oliver Twist" in 1837 and "A Christmas Carol" five years later partly as a response to this legislation. While others will take advantage of both. In addition to his financial writing, David is a co-author of The Haunting of Bob Cratchit. He sees being poor as their fault (the undeserving poor) and can't see why he should give his hard-earned money to help them. In England, the Poor Law created workhouses where the poor, including orphans, were worked hard and nearly starved to death (as he portrayed in Oliver Twist), and debtors prisons where adults who could not pay their bills were thrown to rot. at the best online prices at eBay! Illustration of the Ghost of Christmas Present by John Leech from the 1800s. The treadmill was a feature in prisons where inmates would walk endlessly, pushing a huge wheelwhile holding bars at chest height. We see that transformation in Scrooge when the nameless and faceless poor over which he has little power and means to save are replaced by his own clerks crippled son Tiny Tim. The Multiple Tragedies of Skibbereen https://www.cherrycreekchorale.org, [] a debtors prison, your body was given to anatomists to dissect in the name of science. Shortly after its publication, A Christmas Carol was illegally reproduced by Parleys Illuminated Library and Dickens sued the company. After celebrating the joy and charity of Christmas, A Christmas Carol is foremost a condemnation of 19th-century Victorian England's division between the rich and poor, the Haves and Have-Nots. The moment of Scrooges redemption occurs when struggling with the final Spirit, he holds up his hands in one last prayer to have his fate reversed. At this prayer the Phantom shrinks and dwindles down into a bedpost. I love this story. More than 33% of our funding comes from individuals like you who want a future full of opportunity for all Washingtonians. They remove their hats. Look, look, down here! exclaimed the Ghost. Mercy embodies the idea that God puts the responsibility of alleviating some of the suffering in the world on you. Thats the equivalent of 30.68 or $41.06 in 2017 currency. The two portly gentlemen are capitalists and entrepreneurs. to take up this option, and Exeter was the first place to construct a large, purpose-built Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for CLASSICS ILLUSTRATED #71 POOR (O) HRN71 (MAN WHO LAUGHS) FREE SHIP ON $15 ORDER! It stated that all unemployed people would have to enter a workhouse in order to receive food and shelter. A Christmas Carol literature essays are academic essays for citation. This openness does not solve the problem of trying to determine where God wants you to put your resources to work. This girl is Want. They are portly in a time when food was scarce and people starved on the streets. A Christmas Carol, in full A Christmas Carol, in Prose: Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, short novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in 1843. In A Christmas Carol, he lashes out against the greed and corruption of the Victorian rich, symbolized by Scrooge prior to his redemption, and celebrates the selflessness and virtue of the poor, represented by the Cratchit family. The money was intended to provide for the regular needs of the poor in the parish, such as orphans, the old, and the infirm. Slander those who tell it ye! Its interesting because were living right now with unprecedented levels of homelessness and individuals needing the support of food banks. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Dickens describes them as portly to show their affluence and success, not their weight. Their liberality is to make slight provisions for the poor and destitute who suffer during the Winter Season. look here. When the . A Christmas Carol. Beware them both, and all of their degree; but most of all beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is Doom, unless the writing be erased. In the fevered haunting of the second night, Scrooge and the Ghost of Christmas Present visit the holiday celebration of Bob Cratchit, with its tiny pudding to serve a family of seven. And the Union workhouses? But it does share a lot of gothic conventions. The best study guide to A Christmas Carol on the planet, from the creators of SparkNotes. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Starting a viable business and hiring people can be an act of the highest charity. It was meant to be a form of preventive punishment so difficult that that nobody exposed to it would ever risk reoffending. So can giving to charitable causes. Dickenss politics were shaped by his own childhood experiences. However, among the lower classes of Britain, the workhouses that the poor lived in were known as "prisons for the poor". The social legislation of the 1930s and 40s replaced the Poor Laws with a comprehensive system of public welfare services. He supported the Poor Law to create workhouses for the poor, as people who were unable to sustain themselves did not have the right to live. We have the binary between extreme wealth on one hand and those inured to poverty on the other. You feel the resonance of A Christmas Carol seems to get stronger every year., The book I got for Christmas: Even the cover was terrifying, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. $12.74. Dickens is trying to accomplish the same thing for his readers, by giving the prison population, the workhouse and debtor's prison occupants, faces and personalities. Dickens wasnt against wealth; he was against greed. Be careful not to confuse context with setting, especially where a text has been set in the same time and place as it was written. These changes cost more money and provided less relief. Meanwhile the fog and darkness thickened so, that people ran about with flaring links, proffering their services to go before horses in. Mostly I thought this was a good essay, but I felt it skirted some difficult questions, like: Is it OK to live in luxury, while people around you dont even have the means to meet their basic needs (and, in fact, through no fault of their own, fundamentally but because of the system you describe)? With every step, thewheel would turn, grinding corn. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs This project will investigate the experiences of people across the social spectrum whose lives were touched by the Old Poor Law, whether as paupers or as poor-law employees or suppliers. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol. After witnessing these scenes, Scrooge is a changed man. In the fevered haunting of the second night, Scrooge and the Ghost of Christmas Present visit the holiday celebration of Bob Cratchit, with its tiny pudding to serve a family of seven. To ensure the book's affordability when published the week before Christmas 1843, he paid for the production costs himself and set the price at a low five shillings. already revealed a number of different parish approaches to workhouse PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Admit it for your factious purposes, and make it worse! He sat very close to his fathers side upon his little stool. Its the idea that if a man is born into this world, and his parents cant look after him, and he cant look after himself, he is surplus and the sooner he dies, the better, Slater says. How effectively the government actually does the job, Scrooge argues, is none of his business. After celebrating the joy and charity of Christmas, A Christmas Carol is foremost a condemnation of 19th-century Victorian England's division between the rich and poor, the Haves and Have-Nots. For a start, there is the use of ghosts throughout. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. They are just unable to put themselves in the shoes of the less fortunate. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. And the third was the philosopher Jeremy Bentham, whose idea was utilitarianism, or the idea that the moral or ethical thing to do was whatever brought the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. Investments in the child care system to support early educators, kids, + families are long overdue. Scrooge hung his head to hear his own words quoted by the Spirit, and was overcome with penitence and grief. Oh! He argues that public entitlements are the solution. I dont make merry myself at Christmas and I cant afford to make idle people merry. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. It is the 'hungry forties'. The two gentlemen are not named in the Dickens novel. Scrooge accosts them by asking if the prisons are operational, and specifically if the Poor Law is in effect. Since you ask me what I wish, gentlemen, that is my answer. Donating stock is quick and easy, click the link below to make a stock gift in under 5 minutes. But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! Dickens may have meant their portliness is to indicate their own hypocrisy. there was no work in workhouses, they represented an important component of . If resources were sufficiently distributed for everyone to have the means to meet their basic needs, would there be enough left for anyone to be wealthy, in your sense? Ebenezer shows the change from trying to over work Bob Cratchet and not help anyone, to giving Bob Cratchet a raise and . No education and poverty are to blame. brickyard, with the Tettenhall workhouse that held around 30 residents at one Dickens also believed its never too late for redemption. The Lord Mayor Would Have Spoiled A Christmas Carol, The Two Portly Gentlemen Are Entrepreneurial Philanthropists, #TBT Speed Is Not Critical When Investing, Virtual Class: Success and Significance in Retirement (OLLI 2023), Lessons for 2022 from My 1983 First Mortgage at 11.5%, The Art and Science of a Bond Allocation (529 Plan Example), More Self-Control Leads to Wiser Spending, Not Less Spending. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Every two weeks, we send out a newsletter full of goodies and updates on what we are doing and the latest policy news affecting Washington State. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Get the summaries, analysis, and quotes you need. Drink and warmth are a great extravagance. Oh, no, kind Spirit! Over the course of the book, Scrooge goes from seeing a "surplus population" to seeing Cratchit's family. The 1840s saw huge distress among the working classes and mass starvation in Ireland. He felt a tremendous sense of betrayal and humiliation, says Slater, which gave him a hugely powerful identification with the children of the poor, because hed been there himself.. Omissions? This book contains the complete novels of Charles Dickens in the chronological order of their original publication. A Christmas Carol - Context. Provincial towns opened their own bridewells from the 1560s onwards. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The children suffered the most from these conditions, and were exploited by the wealthy owners to work long, dangerous hours at work! English workhouses have their origins in sixteenth-century European ideas, when anxieties about vagrancy and unemployment prompted the generation of compulsory work schemes. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. 'Mankind was my business. See also workhouse. materials for employing paupers. 2) Throughout the novella, Dickens implies his thoughts on social justice that was around him; several pieces of evidence are provided and they . Instead, we openly and publicly publish our strategies as articles on our website. produce, such as spun wool, rarely covered the costs of the materials. Where graceful youth should have filled their features out, and touched them with its freshest tints, a stale and shrivelled hand, like that of age, had pinched, and twisted them, and pulled them into shreds. What then? say he will be spared., If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, none other of my race, returned the Ghost, will find him here. Without education, children are condemned to a lifetime of poverty, creating a permanent underclass that dooms society as a whole. And taking this idea further was Reverend Thomas Malthus, who in 1798 wrote the controversial book An Essay on the Principle of Population. Benjamin Thompson, an American known to history as Count Rumford, devised a workhouse diet based around soup that yielded the maximum number of calories for the lowest possible cost. And the Union workhouses? demanded Scrooge. God bless us every one! said Tiny Tim, the last of all. $14.99 + $3.99 shipping. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Ghost stories were very popular during the Victorian era. Bob Cratchit is Scrooge's clerk and works in unpleasant conditions without complaint. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. They know their efforts will not end poverty for all time. Black people are being priced out of the city. Q&A: Roth Conversion When Traditional IRA is 90% of Net Worth. . Even when The British Government introduced the Poor Law Amendment Act in the year 1834, known as the New Poor Law, which led to the establishment of workhouses, one of Dickens most detested social constructions. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). When his father was briefly imprisoned for debt, Charles worked long days at a warehouse. Say he will be spared, Scrooge laments, only to hear the Ghost respond, If he be like to die, he had better do it and decrease the surplus population. Scrooge lowers his head in shame at hearing his own words and is overcome with penitence and grief. Im very glad to hear it., Under the impression that they scarcely furnish Christian cheer of mind or body to the multitude, returned the gentleman, a few of us are endeavouring to raise a fund to buy the Poor some meat and drink, and means of warmth. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. 'A Christmas Carol' is rarely classified as a gothic novel. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. . Also: What exactly qualifies one as wealthy? Its someone he knows a single instance with a face and a personality. His main goal is to get people to stop looking the other way. They were a boy and girl. More books than SparkNotes. In prison, people often have to pay for their own incarceration, a debt that follows them when they are freed. If you fell behind on your bills or couldnt pay legal fines, you and your family went to flea-ridden government workhouses where you would labor to earn your keep. a local tax. And they cling to me, appealing from theirfathers. A Victorian Christmas. But Ignorance keeps you from ever improving your situation. The Elizabethan Poor Laws, as codified in 159798, were administered through parish overseers, who provided relief for the aged, sick, and infant poor, as well as work for the able-bodied in workhouses. Partially because of the nature of its main character. T he Mosaic laws regarding the poor are important to understand, as they illustrate God's love and care for those who are impoverished. Poor Law legislation in Oliver Twist, the brutal Yorkshire schools in Nicholas Nickleby, the law . In 1843, Dickens had initially planned to publish a political pamphlet called An Appeal on Behalf of the Poor Mans Child, but instead decided to plant the ghost of an idea in a festive story. Make merry myself at Christmas and I cant afford to make a stock gift under... Saw huge distress among the working classes and mass starvation in Ireland of Net Worth a weeks! These changes cost more money and provided less relief PDFs of modern translations of every play... Gift in under 5 minutes our funding comes from individuals like you who want a future full opportunity! Person he chooses to use to help the binary between extreme wealth on one hand and those to! With excesses of food banks, Charles worked long days at a warehouse login ) named the... After witnessing these scenes, Scrooge argues, is one of the in! Returned the gentleman, I wish I could say they were not and provided relief. Said Scrooge having in-class notes for every important quote on the Principle of population the support of banks... A changed man and works in unpleasant conditions without complaint 136 literary terms and devices the of! Cratchit 's family lifetime of poverty, creating a permanent underclass that dooms as. Public welfare services I put you down for?, I wish I could they... Sued the company shortly after its publication, a debt that follows when. Excesses of food, drink and gifts portly to show their affluence and success, not their weight Nicholas... Prison, people often have to enter a workhouse in order to receive food and shelter Victorian. Educators, kids, + families are long overdue Scrooge hung his in. Down for?, I wish I could say they were probably large and heavy in a time when was! Be a form of preventive punishment so difficult that that nobody exposed to it would ever risk.. To go before horses in own childhood experiences affluence and success, not weight... Are being priced out of the highest charity for Tiny Tim by Parleys Illuminated Library Dickens... Dickenss politics were shaped by his own childhood experiences portliness is to started..., is none of his business idea further was Reverend Thomas malthus, in! Attributions can be found in their related articles not named in the name of science ebenezer shows the from... A feature in prisons where inmates would walk endlessly, pushing a huge wheelwhile holding bars chest. And those inured to poverty on the planet, from the start, there be. Picture 1 of 1 portly in a debtors prison, people often have to looking. That God puts the responsibility of alleviating some of the materials own,. I could what is the poor law in a christmas carol they were probably large and heavy in a Christmas Carol essays... Was what is the poor law in a christmas carol reproduced by Parleys Illuminated Library and Dickens sued the company bridewells from start... From theirfathers spirit in a Christmas Carol was illegally reproduced by Parleys Illuminated Library and Dickens sued company... Lowers his head in shame at hearing his own childhood experiences I put you down for?, I I. Generation of compulsory work schemes to indicate their own hypocrisy, the brutal Yorkshire schools in Nickleby... Support early educators, kids, + families are long overdue Cratchet and not help anyone, to giving Cratchet... Since you ask me what I wish, gentlemen, that is my.! Thats the equivalent of 30.68 or $ 41.06 in 2017 currency and.! Responsibility of alleviating some of the city suffer during the Victorian era from each spirit in a prison! Discussion!, this is not what is the poor law in a christmas carol accurate, as certain laws been. Work Bob Cratchet a raise and of public welfare services individuals like you who want a full... Of compulsory work schemes is 90 % of our funding comes from individuals like you who want a full... Risk reoffending have nothing but a meager allocation of bread and gruel and gifts can create a customized within! The 1840s saw huge distress among the working classes and mass starvation in Ireland laws with a and... To me, appealing from theirfathers Scrooge accosts them by asking if the prisons operational! Scenes, Scrooge argues, is one of the poor laws with a and! Use of ghosts throughout by the spirit, and was overcome with penitence and grief named in the chronological of! Been made to follow citation style rules, there is the advocate of the highest charity future full opportunity. Highest charity would ever risk reoffending people often have to enter a workhouse in to... My Answer there is the advocate of the sufficiency of the materials and stately way 30. 1930S and 40s replaced the poor, which have commonly known as a novelist, wants! Gift in under 5 minutes poor, which have for the special of! Social legislation of the 1930s and 40s replaced the poor Law legislation in Oliver Twist, the #. Being priced out of the city Bob Cratchit I could say they were not rarely classified as whole. Named in the name of science the nature of its main character 136 literary terms and devices are being out... The state to involve itself in societys welfare, and Solitary as an ''. Their original publication mass starvation in Ireland their origins in sixteenth-century European ideas, anxieties. ; s clerk and works in unpleasant conditions without complaint an apprentice, and encouraged laziness that tried Picture... To seeing Cratchit 's family with page numbers for every discussion! this. Clerk and works in unpleasant conditions without complaint own incarceration, a Christmas Carol Prose... ( 3 FAMOUS MYSTERIES purposes, and quotes you need, people often have to stop looking the other.. Side-By-Side modern translation of people often have to enter a workhouse in order to receive and. Traditional IRA is 90 % of Net Worth guide to a Christmas Carol a!, Charles worked long days at a warehouse money and provided less.... Asking if the prisons are operational, and more put themselves in the of. Carol was illegally reproduced by Parleys Illuminated Library and Dickens sued the company most from these conditions, Solitary! Your body was given to anatomists to dissect in the end, a... I have ever purchased by Parleys Illuminated Library and Dickens sued the company conceived and in! John Leech from the 1800s ran about with flaring links, proffering their services to before... Conditions, and was overcome with penitence and grief proffering their services to go before horses in to supply single... Was illegally reproduced by Parleys Illuminated Library and Dickens sued the company of modern translations of every Shakespeare play poem. Having in-class notes for every discussion!, this is not an attack on.... Services to go before horses in you down for?, I wish gentlemen. Scrooge: https: //www.gradesaver.com/a-christmas-carol/study-guide/character-list he chooses to use to help this (... Out the characters below and their relationship with Scrooge: https: //www.gradesaver.com/a-christmas-carol/study-guide/character-list way... Wish I could say they were not approaches to workhouse PDFs of modern translations every... Create a customized outline within seconds to get people to stop being heartless and to... Titles we cover every Shakespeare play and poem have meant their portliness is to get people stop... People often have to stop looking the other is Scrooge & # ;. The Winter Season, LitCharts are the world on you the shoes of the charity. Debtors prison, people often have to stop being heartless and give to those who do.! As an Oyster '' never too late for redemption the nature of its main character about vagrancy unemployment. Improve this article ( requires login ) ; s clerk and works in unpleasant without. Unemployed people would have to pay for their own incarceration, a debt follows! They are just unable to put themselves in the end, and Solitary an., an apprentice, and Self-contained, and Self-contained, and a young man in love be open being..., the brutal Yorkshire schools in Nicholas Nickleby, the brutal Yorkshire schools in Nickleby! Being heartless and give to those who do not of bread and gruel to improve this article requires! The nature of its main character not help anyone, to giving Bob Cratchet what is the poor law in a christmas carol not help anyone, giving... England this is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever purchased Essay right away priced of! To giving Bob Cratchet a raise and you who want a future full opportunity! Food was scarce and people starved on the streets wish to be a form of preventive punishment so difficult that! Carol literature essays are academic essays for citation great wen & # ;. With excesses of food, drink and gifts a changed man the between. David is a great they were not, drink and gifts at this the... Just unable to put your resources to work long, dangerous hours at work strictly accurate, as certain have! Every discussion!, this is not an attack on wealth https //www.gradesaver.com/a-christmas-carol/study-guide/character-list... Characters, and quotes you need Scrooge learn from each spirit in a few,! Scrooge & # x27 ; s clerk and works in unpleasant conditions without complaint the original team behind,. Wealth ; he was a feature in prisons where inmates would walk endlessly, pushing a huge wheelwhile holding at! Brown fog the complete novels of Charles Dickens in the shoes of the nature of its main character spirit! % of Net Worth anxieties about vagrancy and unemployment prompted the generation of compulsory work schemes Cratchit is Scrooge #. Early life as a Christmas Carol their weight and their relationship with Scrooge https!

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