The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. However, the battle for eastern China went badly for An Lushan; although his army was large, it was unable to take control of the Suiyang District from the Tang defenders. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. It. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. One of Suzong's first acts as emperor was to appoint the generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. Yang therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. You are using an out of date browser. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. An Lushan Rebellion. Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to visit the palace at all times. Before the revolt, estimates put the 336 BC323 BC. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Xuanzong accepted An's request despite opposition from chancellors Yang Guozhong and Wei Jiansu, who took An's request as a sign of impending rebellion. An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. Marching on the island capital of Tenochtitlan, one of the largest cities in the world with an estimated population of 250,000-300,000 people, the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II, welcomed the Spanish to his city. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. In history, China still remains as one of the politically unstable countries during the early centuries. Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse[43] and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool. He rose to prominence by fighting during the Tang Frontier Wars between 741 and 755. 142,000+. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. On the way, at a small village, Mawei Station, prompted by general Chen Xuanli who believed that Yang Guozhong had provoked this rebellion, the imperial guards assassinated Yang Guozhong, and demanded the death of Yang Guifei, to which the Emperor reluctantly consented. On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. [35], Later that year, when Emperor Xuanzong, seeing that both An Lushan and An Sishun (who by this point was the military governor of Shuofang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia)) had poor relations with Geshu Han, the military governor of Hexi (, headquartered in modern Wuwei, Gansu) and Longxi (, headquartered in modern Haidong prefecture, Qinghai) Circuits, and wanted to improve relations between these three key border troop commanders, he summoned all three to the capital and had the powerful eunuch Gao Lishi host a feast for the three of them, trying to get them to resolve their unpleasantries. After my death, he will be your emperor." A series of natural disasters, including drought, severe storms and floods, which caused terrible suffering among the Chinese people, were perceived as signs that Heaven was displeased with the conduct of the Emperor. In the spring of 755, matters were coming to a head. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. Highly unpopular among the peasantry, with the Seven Grievances listed against the Ming Emperor, in 1618 the Manchu chieftain Nurhaci began an armed rebellion. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". An Lushan Rebellion death toll. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. [40], When Yan forces captured Tong Pass, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang, in panic, abandoned Chang'an and fled toward Shu Commandery (, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. WebSamnite Wars. Oh god why would you go between percent and fractions in the same sentence describing the same thing. The An Lushan Rebellion. 33,500+. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. With the army on the verge of mutiny, the Emperor had no choice but to agree, ordering the execution of Yang Guozhong and the suicide of Lady Yang. However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and afte An Lushan Rebellion. Pulleyblank, Edwin G. "The An Lushan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China," in Perry, John Curtis, and Bardwell L. Smith. Dec 13, 2015. The Revolt of An Lushan. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Also in 753, Li Xianzhong's troops were defeated by the Huige, and they surrendered to An, further enhancing his strength. Encompassing the creation and first use of atomic weapons, the mass industrial extermination of humans during the Holocaust, in addition to combat fatalities and widespread starvation, the Second World War is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50,000,000 to 85,000,000. The generals, after much discussion, decided to borrow troops from an offshoot of the Turkish Tujue Tribe, the Huihe tribe (ancestors of the modern-day Uighurs). In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. Press J to jump to the feed. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. Came for this. Thereafter, Emperor Xuanzong refused to believe any suggestions that An was plotting rebellion, despite Li Heng agreeing with Yang's assessment on this issue. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Italy. The death toll affected the Tang New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article In 1644, after decades of famine, floods, and economic woes, the impasse was broken when the Ming suffered an internal rebellion led by Li Zicheng. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. 2005. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan Chinese territory increased enormously and the According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. An Lushan, Wade-Giles romanization An Lu-shan, original surname Kang, imperial name Xiongwu, (born 703, Yingzhou [now Chaoyang, Liaoning province], Zhong, Han. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. An Lushan favored his son An Qing'en () (the son of his second wife, Lady Duan) and was considering appointing An Qing'en to be crown prince (instead of An Qingxu, who otherwise was in line to receive that title). Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). On the night of 29 January 757,[3] with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. In 1211 the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing. Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. He escaped from the city and joined the Tang army as a mercenary. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. 142,000+. With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. In 750 he was honored with the title of Prince, and in 751 he was made the military governor of Hotung. In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) The Taiping Rebellion in 1850 during Qing Dynasty was the reason behind the deaths of 40 million people. Zhang took him in and treated him like a son. 1978. WebAn Lushan Biographical information Born c. 703 Died 29 January 757 Luoyang, Yan Species Human Political information Affiliations Order of the Ancients Golden Turtles Yeluohe Yan An Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a Sogdian Gktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. When An went to Chang'an later that year to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong, he presented Emperor Xuanzong with 8,000 Xi captives. An Lushan Rebellion. Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. FOR SALE! Okay something I do not get about it. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. An Lushan Rebellion. Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China between 755 A.D. and 763 A.D. A rare example I could find was a direct question on that subject in an episode on the rebellion by BBC's In Our Time. Wikimedia Commons. This was the highest death toll for any event until World War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths. [30] Why do you want to cane An Lushan to death?" WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. ; In addition to natural In 741, when the deputy chief imperial censor Zhang Lizhen () was sent to survey the Hebei (, i.e., the region north of the Yellow River) and visited Pinglu Army, An ingratiated himself with Zhang, so much so that he even bribed Zhang's servants. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. So, the population before the revolution was Massive, and the population after the war was much lower. Please be sure to Read Our Rules before you contribute to this community. [32], According to the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, it was said that An was attempting to increase his own strength and planning a rebellion, and in 747, he claimed to be building Fort Xiongwu () and asked fellow military governor Wang Zhongsi to contribute troops, hoping to hold onto the troops that Wang would send and not return them. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. [37] However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering. He subsequently had Shi defend against the Khitan counterattack, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. Although it is difficult to Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. His actions led to two princesses of the royal clan, who were married to Khitan and Xi leaders as part of the heqin policy, being executed in retaliation,[33] and both groups rebelled in 745, though An defeated them. [41], Meanwhile, An had Emperor Xuanzong's sister, Princess of Huo, as well as a number of other imperial relatives, executed, and sacrificed their organs to An Qingzong. The An Lushan revolt, also called the An-Shi rebellion, occurred in China from 755 to 763 AD. Unable to stand alone against the combined might of the enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Jin in 280 ending the conflict. He moved rapidly along the Grand Canal of China and captured the city of Luoyang within the year. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. was extremely obese. However, when Emperor Xuanzong tested Yang's hypothesis by summoning An, he immediately showed up in Chang'an and claimed that Yang was making false accusations. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not WebThe Taiping Rebellion was a major civil war in China during the mid 19th century. Here are our sources: The Punic Wars, Nigel Bagnall, St. Martins Press, 2005, A Companion to the Punic Wars, B.D. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. He captured the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang), declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun). Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The Russian Civil War was so bloody, in fact, that it holds the dubious world-record highest death toll from a civil war by Guinness World Records. Beginning in 1206, Genghis Khan, having united the Mongol people under a single banner for the first time in history, unleashed his new empire upon the world. There, An Lushan declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun), also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan started it in the fourteenth year of that namesake era. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace WebIn 756, An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event which had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. Serving with him was Shi Sugan (later named Shi Siming), who was one day older than he was and who became a good friend of his. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. An Lushan was born An Rokhan in 703 in northern Manchuria, where his father was a Sogdian sartapo (merchant) employed by the Turkic Khanate to administer their domains. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. As he was allowed to enter the palace, he asked that he become an adoptive son of Emperor Xuanzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang Guifei, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. Seizing several major cities from the Ming, including Shenyang to serve as their new independent capital, the situation entered an approximate stalemate for the next quarter-century. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. As a result, the deputy ministers of civil service, Song Yao () and Miao Jinqing were demoted. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. The Revolt of An Lushan. A reason this "fact" unfortunately survives is that it seems to be so bad that actual historians have not devoted much effort to refute it. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. He began to inject himself into court politicsas the official Su Xiaoyun () complained to him that the imperial examinations that year was unfair and that Zhang Shi (), the son of the deputy chief imperial censor Zhang Yi (), had been given top grade despite having no abilities. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. Result: Tang victory . Wikimedia Commons. Where do we find this stuff? The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. The WebA devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China that began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan dynasty, and ended when the Yan fell on February 17, 763. jiedushi

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