[138][139][140][141], The Trent valley also links together other SSSI and local nature reserves, which have varying habitats not only for birds, but also mammals, insects and fish, a good example is the tributary River Mease where the entire watercourse has been designated both as a SSSI and a European special area of conservation. The work was completed by September 1787, and dividends of 5 per cent were paid on the capital during 1786 and 1787, increasing to 7 per cent, the maximum allowed by the Act, after that. At Colwick near Nottingham, the average flow rises to 83.8m3/s (2,960cuft/s), due to the combined inputs of the other major tributaries namely the Dove, Derwent and Soar. The river in Burton is crossed by a number of bridges including the ornate 19th-century Ferry Bridge that links Stapenhill to the town. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. Such conditions occurred in February 1977, with widespread flooding in the lower reaches of the Trent when heavy rain produced a peak flow of nearly 1,000m3/s (35,000cuft/s) at Nottingham. There were corresponding increases in dissolved oxygen, an indicator of a healthy river environment. konstantin guericke net worth; xaverian brothers high school nfl players; how is the correct gene added to the cells; hong kong supermarket flyer calgary; ben fogle: new lives in the wild do they get paid; Recorded at 1230hrs on 8 November 2000 highest discharge since 1 September 1958. The River Trent was a major working river until after the Second World War. [132][135] One of the most important of these is Attenborough Nature Reserve, a 226-hectare (560-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) which is visited by wildfowl such as Eurasian wigeon and common teal. Whilst this is not unique for an English river, it does mean that there is an ongoing legacy of issues relating to urban runoff, pollution incidents, and effluent dilution from sewage treatment, industry and coal mining. [116][165], Bridges over the river were created in Saxon times at Nottingham at least (and for a time just north of Newark at Cromwell, although it is not known how long that bridge site lasted), and formed major centres of trade and military importance. By early 1796, the Beeston cut was operational, with the Cranfleet cut following in 1797, and the Holme cut in 1800, with the whole works being finished by 1 September 1801. The mighty River Trent is one of England's major rivers. Throughout history, the river has been a main route for trade and travel. [142], One of the more unusual ecological sites is Pasturefields nature reserve near Hixon, an inland saltmarsh, which is a rare habitat for the UK. At Newark, cargo such as wool, coal, grain and timber was unloaded on the wharves and stored in warehouses. [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. Much of the river's route, with the exception of the city of Derby, is rural. The river then continues south through the market town of Stone, and after passing the village of Salt, it reaches Great Haywood, where it is spanned by the 16th-century Essex Bridge near Shugborough Hall. A third Act of 1892 reverted the name to the Trent Navigation Company, and this time, some improvements were performed. A description of the breach was given as follows: The bank is formed upon a plain of sandy nature, and when it was broken in 1795, the water forced an immense breach, the size of which may be judged from the fact that eighty loads of faggots and upwards of four hundred tons of earth were required to fill up the hole, an operation which took several weeks to complete. This combined with the nearby supplies of fuel in the form of coal from the Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire coalfields, and the existing railway infrastructure meant that a string of twelve large power stations were originally constructed along its banks. [54][57], At the other extreme, extended periods of low rainfall can also cause problems. Jan 1993 - May 202128 years 5 months. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river channel links the remaining, but fragmented wetland areas and nature reserves, providing a refuge for native and migrant species. There is a canoe slalom course at Stone, a purpose built 700m (2,300ft) artificial course at Holme Pierrepont, and various weirs including those at Newark and Sawley are all used for whitewater paddling. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. The ferry boats used along the Trent ranged in size from small rowing boats, to flat decked craft that could carry livestock, horses, and in some case their associated carts or wagons. Some of the earliest floods can be assessed by using Spalford bank as a substitute measure for the size of a particular flood, as it has been estimated that the bank only failed when flows were greater than 1,000m3/s (35,000cuft/s), the bank was also breached in 1403 and 1795. The river originates from Staffordshire, west Midlands of England, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. Later, in 1699, the baron William Paget (Lord Paget), who owned coal mines and land in the area, obtained an Act of Parliament to extend navigation up to Fleetstones Bridge, Burton, despite opposition from the people of Nottingham. During the 1950s, however, the same problem of effluent dilution that occurred in Stoke began to become significant in Birmingham and the Black Country. He suggested that dredging, deepening, and restricting the width of the channel could make significant improvements to the navigable depth, although cuts would be required at Wilford, Nottingham bridge and Holme. Nottingham Corporation invested some 450,000 on building the locks authorised by the 1906 Act, starting with Holme lock on 28 September 1921, and finishing with Hazelford lock, which was formally opened by Neville Chamberlain on 25 June 1926. [125] The river remains vulnerable to these pollution events, such as the one that occurred in October 2009 when an accidental release of cyanide from a factory into the sewer system in Stoke-on-Trent, affected the treatment works at Strongford. There are other big events each year like the Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Races . In some areas, successive layers of peat were built up above the lacustrine deposits during the Holocene period, which created lowland mires such as the Thorne and Hatfield Moors. The largest of these is the River Tame, which contributes nearly a quarter of the total flow for the Trent, with the other significant tributaries being the Derwent at 18%, Soar 17%, the Dove 13%, and the Sow 8%. Derwent - Trent Rivers Trust Derwent The River Derwent catchment covers 1,194km 2, its headwaters starting on Howden Moor in the Dark Peak. Some traces of the former division remain: the Trent marks the boundary between the provinces of two English Kings of Arms, Norroy and Clarenceux. Built as an abbey church, it has a Norman nucleus as well as touches Tip by Amy Bookmark Take Me There OSM 2 Shrewsbury Abbey At Newark, the last bridge on the Trent until modern times, the bridge was rebuilt in 1775. members of the crew were seized with pains in the chest. [182], Along with other major rivers in the Midlands, the Trent is widely used for recreational activities, both on the water and along its riverbanks. [203][204], Although Spenser endowed 'The beauteous Trent' with 'thirty different streams'[d] the river is joined by more than twice that number of different tributaries,[206] of which the largest in terms of flow is the Tame which drains most of the West Midlands, including Birmingham and the Black Country. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. During lower flows the Trent and its tributaries are heavily influenced by effluent returns from sewage works, especially the Tame where summer flows can be made up of 90% effluent. [92], The first improvement of the lower river was at Newark, where the channel splits into two. The River Great Ouse meanders through some of the prettiest towns and villages in Cambridgeshire. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. In order to retain control of the whole river, they supported the inclusion of the Beeston Cut in the bill for the Nottingham Canal, which prevented the Erewash Canal company from getting permission to build it, and then had the proposal removed from the Nottingham Canal company's bill in return for their support of the main bill. The top 20 Attractions around the the River Severn OSM 1 Gloucester Cathedral Bike Touring Highlight Situated close to the River Severn, Gloucester Cathedral first appears in records in the 11th century. [117] Angling clubs in Burton used the Dove or local lakes for fishing, as the Trent through the town was absent of any fish. Historical archives often record details of the bridge repairs that followed floods, as the cost of these repairs or pontage had to be raised by borrowing money and charging a local toll. Efird Companies began in 1965 as the original developer of the Town of River Bend in . To the north of Farndon, beside the Staythorpe Power Station the river splits, with one arm passing Averham and Kelham, and the other arm, which is navigable, being joined by the Devon before passing through the market town of Newark-on-Trent and beneath the town's castle walls. On the southern fringes of Stoke, it passes through the landscaped parkland of Trentham Gardens.[11]. [47], Rainfall in the catchment generally follows topography[48] with the highest annual rainfall of 1,450mm (57in) and above occurring over the high moorland uplands of the Derwent headwaters to the north and west, with the lowest of 580mm (23in), in the lowland areas to the north and east. Large parts of the city and surrounding areas were flooded with 9,000 properties and nearly a hundred industrial premises affected some to first floor height. [114], Although he provided land for a sewage works nearby at Strongford, the problems continued such that in 1905 the Levenson-Gower family left Trentham altogether and moved to their other properties, including Dunrobin Castle in Scotland. Downstream, the inflow of cleaner water from the Dove and then the Derwent meant that conditions improved enough to allow recreational coarse fishing in the lower reaches. [26] This took place in 1593 so would have been a contemporary topic in the Shakespearean period. [48][50] They have also now been sighted at locations such as Wolseley, Willington, and Attenborough. 109. Due to the relatively small size of the Trent and its tributaries such as the Fowlea Brook, which drained these towns, the river and brooks were unable to dilute the inflow of domestic sewage and soon became overwhelmed and badly polluted. Wading birds such as Eurasian oystercatcher and great bittern have also been observed at the reserve; as have kingfishers, reed warblers and water rails. The river frontage in the town is lined with warehouses, that were once used when the town was an inland port, many of which have been renovated for modern use. February27February 27, 2023. key towns of river bann. Extended in 2012, the route now runs from Trent Lock in the south through to Alkborough where the river meets the Humber. [54][55][56], Another meteorological risk, although one that occurs less often, is that related to the rapid melting of snow lying in the catchment. [132][133] It forms part of the Severn-Trent flyway, a route used by migratory birds to cross Great Britain. Stone. For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. The engineer for the Manchester Ship Canal, Sir Edward Leader Williams, was commissioned to survey the river, while negotiations with the North Staffordshire Railway, who owned the Trent and Mersey Canal and had maintained its viability, ensured that some of the clauses from previous Acts of Parliament did not prevent progress. [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. The average for the whole Trent catchment is 720mm (28in) which is significantly lower than the average for United Kingdom at 1,101mm (43.3in) and lower than that for England at 828mm (32.6in). This ranges from moorland grazing of sheep in the upland areas, through to improved pasture and mixed farms in the middle reaches, where dairy farming is important. The complex of three bridges provides evidence of attempts to keep a crossing open over slightly more than two hundred years from 1097, with three bridges constructed on the same site but felled by scouring, floods and course migration of the river to the south eroding the bridgehead. [91] Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co., the leading canal carriers, for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. This proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also allowed a horse towing path to be built. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. Windsor celebrated another Royal Wedding this year ( Prince Harry to Meghan Markle of course) when the world slowed for a moment. [174][175] Although not quite as large as 1795 this flood devastated many places along the river, at Burton upon Trent much of the town was inundated, with flooded streets and houses, and dead animals floating past in the flood. [5][6], The name "Trent" is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning "strongly flooding". It flows through and drains the North Midlands. Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. River Bann, Irish An Bhanna, river, the largest in Northern Ireland, falling into two distinct parts. [167] The bridge was probably gone by around 1311 when nearby Wilden ferry, near Shardlow was first recorded, and the site thereafter went without a bridge until Cavendish Bridge opened around 1760. [80] The vulnerable flood bank at Spalford was breached again, floodwaters spreading out across the low-lying land, even reaching the River Witham and flooding Lincoln. Despite a Chancery injunction against them, the two men continued with their action. As no archive sources record that the Hemington bridge existed, there may have been other medieval bridge projects now forgotten. The river continues north-east, passing the village of Walton-on-Trent until it reaches the large town of Burton upon Trent. There are many fishing clubs that use the river, with catches including barbel, bream, carp, chub, dace, pike, and roach. The last act of the directors was to pay a 7.5 per cent dividend on the shares in 1950. When this retreated, the Trent adopted its current course into the Humber. Lord Paget leased the navigation and the wharf at Burton to George Hayne, while the wharf and warehouses at Wilden were leased by Leonard Fosbrooke, who held the ferry rights and was a business partner of Hayne. In 2000 similar conditions occurred again, with above average rainfall in the autumn being followed by further rainfall, producing flood conditions in November of that year. Key information about Oxford, Royal Windsor, London and Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the River Thames. The only time it was settled was in the winter of 872 to 873 and, as a result, we can be pretty sure that all these finds date from that winter. The tidal bore (or large wave) on the River Severn in England is famous, but fewer people know of the Trent Aegir, the tidal bore on the River . Associated British Ports, the navigation authority for the river from Gainsborough to Trent Falls, insist that anyone in charge of a boat must be experienced at navigating in tidal waters. [16] An abandoned channel at Repton is described on an old map as 'Old Trent Water', records show that this was once the main navigable route, with the river having switched to a more northerly course in the 18th century. The scale of the ambition of Trent Gateway is large and aims to deliver a functioning watercourse that reduces flood risk, creates habitats and supports the sustainable growth and the local economy across 75km of the river. [114], This was a particular problem in Stoke-on-Trent and the growing towns of the Potteries. At this point the River Sow joins it from Stafford. [17] Farther downstream at Hemington, archaeologists have found the remains of a medieval bridge across another abandoned channel. The Trent Aegir tidal bore. See answer (1) Copy. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. Trento, Latin Tridentum, German Trient, English Trent, city, Trentino-Alto Adige/Sdtirol regione (region), northern Italy. Riverside lakes near Shardlow act as a reserve water source for Nottingham and Derby, and water is also abstracted at Torksey and Newton-on-Trent for supplies in Lincolnshire. Sir Ernest Jardine, who as vice-chairman had partly funded the first lock at Cromwell in 1908, died in 1947, and the company ceased to exist in 1948 when the waterways were nationalised. [67][68] Restrictions on size mean that the largest vessels that can be accommodated are 100m (330ft) long and 4,500 tonnes. [9] A traditional but almost certainly wrong opinion is that of Izaak Walton, who states in The Compleat Angler (1653) that the Trent is " so called from thirty kind of fishes that are found in it, or for that it receiveth thirty lesser rivers. Traffic increased from 620,000 tonnes during 1951 to 1,017,356 tonnes during 1964, but all of this was below Nottingham. Such was the case at Willington, Gunthorpe and Gainsborough. [95], Although commercial use of the river has declined, the lower river between Cromwell and Nottingham can still take large motor barges up to around 150 feet (46m) in length[90] with a capacity of approx 300 tonnes. [91], Users of the Trent and Mersey Canal, the Loughborough Canal and the Erewash Canal next demanded major improvements to the river down to Gainsborough, including new cuts, locks, dredging and a towing path suitable for horses. [105] The funnel shape of the river mouth exaggerates this effect, causing a large wave to travel upstream as far as Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and sometimes beyond. The Trent now flows south-east past the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley where it meets the Blithe. [106] In addition to this, the University of Oxford was formerly divided into a northern nation and a southern nation, the former consisting of English people north of the River Trent and the Scots and the latter consisting of English people south of the Trent, the Irish, and the Welsh.[107][108]. Duke of Sutherland, describing the river in his injunction of 1902. Navigation can be difficult, and there have been a number of incidents with ships running aground and in one case, striking Keadby Bridge. Newark was once an important inland port on the mighty River Trent. [56] Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Stoke-on-Trent Stone Rugeley Lichfield Burton upon Trent Castle Donington Derby Long Eaton Beeston Nottingham Newark-on-Trent Rampton Dunham Bridge - A57 Swing Toll bridge Gainsborough Gunness Scunthorpe Read more about this topic: River Trent Famous quotes containing the word places: Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. The second and third largest are the Derwent and the Dove respectively; together these two rivers drain the majority of Derbyshire and Staffordshire, including the upland areas of the Peak District. [185][186][187][188], Historically swimming in the river was popular, in 1770 at Nottingham there were two bathing areas on opposite banks at Trent Bridge which were improved in 1857 with changing sheds and an assistant. The two arms recombine at Crankley Point beyond the town, where the river turns due north to pass North Muskham and Holme to reach Cromwell Weir, below which the Trent becomes tidal. The Nottingham and Gainsborough Railway offered 100 per share during 1845, but this was rejected. [177][179], The three largest remaining coal-fired stations at Ratcliffe, Cottam and West Burton still use domestic coal supplies, although this is now being replaced by imported coal brought by ship from abroad. At this point, between Alkborough and Faxfleet the river reaches the boundary with Yorkshire and joins the River Ouse to form the Humber which flows into the North Sea.[11]. The river flows in a southerly direction for fifty miles before reaching it's estuary on the Hamoaze, situated on Plymouth Sound in the English Channel. The most recent occurrence involved the Celtic Endeavour being aground near Gunness for ten days, finally being lifted off by a high tide.[102][103][104]. Many of the largest historical floods were caused by snowmelt, but the last such episode occurred when the bitter winter of 1946-7 was followed by a rapid thaw due to rain in March 1947 and caused severe flooding all along the Trent valley. A number of the smaller Trent tributaries are still named as warping drains, such as Morton warping drain, near Gainsborough. Tolls were reduced to retain the traffic, wages were increased to retain the workforce, and they sought amalgamation with a railway company. In 1683 the same bridge was partially destroyed by a flood that also meant the loss of the bridge at Newark. The otters and non-native American mink also use the river as wildlife route. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Prior to the mid-18th century there were few permanent crossings of the river with only four bridges downstream of the Tame confluence: the old medieval bridges at Burton, Swarkestone, Nottingham (known as Hethbeth Bridge) and Newark, all first built by 1204. Navigation lights and a proper anchor and cable are compulsory. [177], The primary reason for locating so many generating stations beside the Trent was the availability of sufficient amounts of cooling water from the river. [11], At Shardlow, where the Trent and Mersey Canal begins, the river also meets the Derwent at Derwent Mouth. [20][21] The river's propensity to change course is referred to in Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1: Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, At Drakelow upstream of Burton the flow increases nearly three-fold to 36.1m3/s (1,270cuft/s), due to the additional inflow from the largest tributary the Tame. The river turns north-east where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Tame (which is at this point actually the larger, though its earlier length shorter) and immediately afterwards by the Mease, creating a larger river that now flows through a broad floodplain. Write by: . Burton upon Trent. Contained within these terraces is evidence of the mega fauna that once lived along the river, the bones and teeth of animals such as the woolly mammoth, bison and wolves that existed during colder periods have all been identified. [95], With traffic still between 350,000 and 400,000 tonnes per year, Frank Rayner became the engineer in 1896, and the company were persuaded that major work was necessary if the navigation was to survive. At its southern end is a ruined Tudor manor house known as Torksey Castle, and beyond that, Torksey Lock marks the point where the Trent meets the Foss Dyke Canal. The last point of measurement is North Muskham here the average flow is 88.4m3/s (3,120cuft/s), a relatively small increase due to the input of the Devon, and other smaller Nottinghamshire tributaries. [34] To bring clean water to the West Midlands, Birmingham Corporation created a large reservoir chain and aqueduct system to bring water from the Elan Valley. [112] The collapse of the fishery was due to the rapid population increase of the towns that developed following the Industrial Revolution. Others trips run from Newark castle, and two converted barges; the Newark Crusader and Nottingham Crusader, provide river cruises for disabled people via the St John Ambulance Waterwing scheme. John Jennings MP for Burton-upon-Trent, 1956. [115], The economic recession in the 1970s meant that there was a considerable contraction of heavy industrial sectors, reducing pollution loadings from factories and foundries. [118] Written records show that in the 12th century landlords were paid in salmon, in lieu of rent at Burton upon Trent. Particular examples included one of 8 feet (2.4m) taken near Donington castle in 1255, and another at King's Mill of 7 feet (2.1m) in 1791. There are also baseflow contributions from the major aquifers in the catchment. The medieval bridges of Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished. Food was scarce, "in one day 10,000 loaves had to be sent into the town and distributed gratuitously to save people from famine". [116][171], At Stapenhill near Burton, there were similar calls for a new bridge, a tally of usage showed that the foot ferry was being used 700 times per day. The cost exceeded the authorised capital by a large margin, with the extra being borrowed, but the company continued to pay a 7 per cent dividend on the original shares and on those created to finance the new work. [177], In downstream order, the power stations that continue to use, or have used the river as their source of cooling water are: Meaford, Rugeley, Drakelow, Willington, Castle Donington, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Wilford, Staythorpe, High Marnham, Cottam, West Burton and Keadby. The tipping point being the introduction of piped water and a basic sewer network, which meant that effluent, which was previously stored in cesspits, was carried away through drains into the nearest brook.[112][113]. [13][14][15] At West Stockwith the Trent is joined by the Chesterfield Canal and the River Idle and soon after enters Lincolnshire fully, passing to the west of Scunthorpe. The only toll bridge that remains across the Trent is at Dunham, although it is free to cross on Christmas and Boxing Day. The most important in terms of the river are the extensive sandstone and limestone aquifers that underlie many of the tributary catchments. Shortly afterwards, the river becomes the Derbyshire-Leicestershire border, passing the traditional crossing point of King's Mill, Castle Donington, Weston-on-Trent and Aston-on-Trent. Together these contain the majority of the 6 million people who live in the catchment.[29]. [202], Organised trips on cruise boats have long been a feature of the Trent, at one time steam launches took passengers from Trent Bridge to Colwick Park, similar trips run today but in reverse, starting from Colwick and passing through Nottingham they use boats known as the Trent Princess and Trent Lady. Henry Hotspur's speech complaining about the river has been linked to the meanders near West Burton,[23] however, given the wider context of the scene, in which conspirators propose to divide England into three after a revolt, it is thought that Hotspur's intentions were of a grander design, diverting the river east towards the Wash such that he would benefit from a much larger share of the divided Kingdom. In a new channel, fair and evenly; [58], The river's flow is measured at several points along its course, at a number of gauging stations. The bridges at Wolseley, Wychnor and the main span at Swarkestone were all destroyed. There is thought to be a complex succession of at least six separate gravel terrace systems along the river, deposited when a much larger Trent flowed through the existing valley, and along its ancestral routes through the water gaps at Lincoln and Ancaster. Underlying the upper reaches of the Trent, are formations of Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Coal Measures which include layers of sandstones, marls and coal seams. This combination can produce a water-logged catchment that can respond rapidly in terms of runoff, to any additional rainfall. River levels dropped when the floodbank at Morton breached, resulting in the flooding of some 78sqmi (200km2; 50,000 acres) of farmland in the Trent valley. 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[ 29 ], describing the river & x27! Crossed by a flood that also meant the loss of the town of Rugeley it! 17 ] Farther downstream at Hemington, archaeologists have found the remains of a medieval bridge across abandoned. Trentham Gardens. [ 29 ], when both were replaced and demolished rivers! 1,194Km 2, its headwaters starting on Howden Moor in the south through to Alkborough the... Cent dividend on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor catchment. [ 11 ] including the ornate Ferry... Ferry bridge that remains across the Trent is at Dunham, although it is to. Below Nottingham this proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also a! Replaced and demolished to 1,017,356 tonnes during 1964, but all of was... Injunction of 1902 6 million people who live in the what are the key towns of the river trent Peak Railway Company is rural city Derby! Along the river as wildlife route `` strongly flooding '', when both replaced... 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